O período da dentadura permanente acontece quando a maior parte dos dentes permanentes nasce aos 12 ou 13 anos de idade. Inicialmente nascem os primeiros molares e os incisivos centrais e laterais. Depois disto, por volta dos 10 a 13 anos, nascem os caninos, primeiros pré-molares e segundos molares. A época de aparecimento dos terceiros molares (dentes do siso) varia muito de paciente para paciente, mas geralmente está por volta dos 18 a 20 anos de idade. Portanto, a dentadura permanente apresenta 32 dentes.
Em decorrência da evolução da espécie humana, alguns dentes permanentes podem apresentar uma diminuição de tamanho ou estarem ausentes. Os dentes mais acometidos são os terceiros molares, os segundos pré-molares inferiores e os incisivos laterais superiores.
Olhando de frente, os dentes superiores devem cobrir os inferiores por volta de 2 a 3mm, e a linha que une os dois incisivos centrais superiores deve coincidir com a linha inferior (Linhas Médias Coincidentes).
Outro ponto a ser observado é a mordida na região de trás da boca, ou seja, como os dentes superiores ocluem com os inferiores. Esta relação de primeiros molares, pré-molares e caninos deve seguir o padrão visto nas figuras.
Cada dente apresenta uma posição ideal, sem rotações e espaços entre eles. Estas são as características de normalidade de uma oclusão permanente e também os objetivos finais da maioria dos tratamentos ortodônticos.
Linhas médias Coincidentes
Padrão dos pré-molares e caninos
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